Early Childhood Development Child Welfare - 1640 Words

Early Childhood Development Rossy Sical SWK 346 Child Welfare Professor Carew February 3, 2015 Early Childhood Development Early childhood development is a fundamental key to a full and productive life. This stage of development is not only important because of its rapid development but also because it is the foundation of children’s future cognitive, behavioral and emotional well-being. Children during this stage require love and physical and verbal stimulation. Children who are well nurtured have a better chance to live well and create a brighter future for themselves. Through this development, children are able to create their own sense of identity. However, this development is based on how caregivers†¦show more content†¦To begin, early childhood development can be seen as a discipline devoted to the understanding of all aspects of human development. An infant’s earliest years of life are considered the most important developmental phase in the human lifespan. The Center on the Developing Child from Harvard University teaches key concepts about the foundations of children†™s lifelong health. They explain that a vital and productive society with a prosperous and sustainable future is built on different aspects that promote healthy childhood development. The Center on the Developing Child provides an excellent explanation of this principle through one their videos titled, â€Å"InBrief: The Foundations of Lifelong Health†, which expresses four important factors that contribute to the healthy childhood development. Such factors are the following: Biology of health, foundations of health, caregivers and community capacities and innovative programs that promote better policies to provide good child care and early education, child welfare and early intervention (â€Å"InBrief: The Foundations of Lifelong Health,† n.d.). Second, other key aspects necessary for healthy early childhood development include bonding, attachment, healthy brain development as well as individual, familial, and systemic aspects in the development of lifelong health. The Child Trauma Academy provides four important lessons that stress the importance of bonding and

Governments Immense Control Over the American Population...

When a politician speaks does it cross the minds of others to truly believe and trust that they know what they are talking about? What is politics? Politics is the art or science of government, especially the governing of a political entity, such as a nation, and the administration and control of its internal and external affairs (Politics Definition). The government regulates or censors everything from what we watch on TV to what the future of America (i.e. children) learns at school. Is this type of control necessarily a good thing? Politics and politicians alike should not have as much power in the control of the lives of people. Most laws have been passed for the personal gain of those it is implied to help. Laws are being passed†¦show more content†¦Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798 prohibiting false, scandalous and malicious writing against the government which was repudiated by the Republicans in power in 1802. For the next twenty-five years, the only punishment was practiced by private citizens who attacked alleged libelers. Although censorship in some cases is a necessary thing, for example, children’s programming, kids do not need to be exposed to that sort of information. Adults need that information because, they’re the ones who are voting and taking a control of the nation. At the high school level the students need to learn and be told what is going on. The only high school students that have any inkling of what is going on would be the seniors in government. What about the freshman, sophomores, and juniors who have an interest in the government. Those students are the future politicians of our nation and will be having a say in how it is ran. It maybe, because the government is afraid that the young people will develop the wrong ideas, that the Government has no flaws. In reality they are correct in there thinking of this but, us as kids still want to know what is happening. Not everything needs to be told to us but we at least want a summary of what is going on. The American people should be able to have a voice in any pending Bills being passed. Such as the Health Care Reform Bill, that President Obama is working on currently at the moment. Many doctors are for the bill and theShow MoreRelatedThe First Strange Place : Race And Sex778 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral different ways. Over twelve million Americans will serve in the military, women will work in positions previously held by men in defense factories, along with blacks and whites working side-by-side in the military and war jobs, and the mass movements of the population throughout the country to find high paying defense job. Beth Bailey and David Farber’s book, The First Strange Place: Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii discusses the â€Å"cultural contact† between Americans. 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British Prime Minister during much of the conflict, Winston Churchill, was critical in the American’sRead MoreCubas Achievements in Health Care and Public Education Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages CUBA’S ACHIEVEMENTS IN PROVIDING HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC ARE BETTER THATN THOSE OF MANY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. HOW HAS IT MANAGEDTHIS? There may be some question over Fidel Castro’s achievements in providing economic success, or democracy to Cuba in the last forty five years or so. However Cuba’s record on providing egalitarian health care and education to the masses have generally been agreed as a success story, even by Castro’s old enemy the United States. â€Å"To be educatedRead MoreEffects Of Hurricane Katrina On Impoverished New Orleans Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States history as one of the worst natural disasters to hit the states. Within its wake, Hurricane Katrina left thousands of Americans dead and many more homeless with no place to call home. A vast majority of the homeless were already living in poverty in New Orleans, where Hurricane Katrina hit the hardest. People that already didn’t have what most Americans have were forced out of their homes and their jobs with nowhere to go. Many have criticized the United States government and PresidentRead MoreAnalysis O f Ayn Rand s Anthem 1625 Words   |  7 PagesTotalitarianism is a type of political system in which the government controls everything. There are no limits to the government’s authority as it strives to keep everything and everyone equal. Totalitarianism plays a big role in the novel Anthem, where everyone is restricted and ruled by the government with no opinion or way out. People who are determined do their best to outsmart the government but most fail because they eventually just give in. However, this is tested when the main character inRead MoreThe Conservative Project Upholds The Best System Of Distributing Wealth And Ownership1449 Words   |  6 Pageshave contributed. That is a fact of society that is undisputable from almost every perspective. This concept, however, is not exclusive to just the majority of society. In several ways, one can argue that it is not just for the majority to have control over private property rights. That is why I believe that the conse rvative project upholds the best system of distributing wealth and ownership. Both liberal and conservative perspectives believe in the idea that management of capital, as well as theRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Vietnam And Grupo Lala1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket standout has created a significant increase in GDP and consequentially private consumption. Vietnam is a developing country with a mostly low to middle income population. 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Learn More About Conjugations for the Italian Verb Preparare

Discussion Board Reply Example

Essays on Discussion Board Reply Coursework DISCUSSION BOARD REPLY al Affiliation) mate thread on Taguchi Method The mate found the method Taguchi developed to be interesting in that he challenged the traditional approach in design of experiment by claiming that the design stage is where the most of the quality of products and services is determined.The main advantage of the method as brought out by the classmate in discussion is worth considered as it emphasizes on the mean performance characteristic values, which are close to the target instead of a value that is within specified limits. This makes the method improve the quality of product. The method hence becomes easy to apply in most engineering situations (Wu Wu, 2000). There are disadvantages of Taguchi method that were not considered by the classmate in giving out views. The main disadvantage of the method; results obtained are only considered relative and do not indicate exactly show the parameters that has the highest effect on the performance characteristic value w as not considered by the classmate. The method that was chosen also does not test all the combinations that the variables have due to orthogonal values. The method has also been seen to have a limitation of being offline and this makes it inappropriate for the processes that are always changing such as simulation studies (Harris, 2008). The difficulty that was brought about by the classmate was right as Taguchi methods have been criticized by users in literature difficulty that it has on accounting for interaction between the parameters. The method mainly focuses on designing quality rather that making correction on qualities that are poor. This makes them applied at early stages of development processes (Bendell, 2009). The hybrid approach provided the decision makers with the risks and benefits associated with selecting a supplier. The risk and benefit factors are then analyzed to determine relative importance and are used to compute a score.ReferencesBendell, T. (2009). Taguchi m ethods. London [England]: Elsevier Applied Science.Harris, N. (2008). Special issue on Taguchi methods. Chichester, Sussex, England: Wiley Sons.Wu, Y., Wu, A. (2000). Taguchi Methods for robust design. New York: ASME Press.

Genetic Engineering An Organism - 2297 Words

What if diseases did not exist, people lived 50+ years longer than they do now, and the genes of unborn children could be picked? Sounds pretty appealing. But the catch is, it is not done naturally and there are still risks involved. Genetic engineering could have the ability to change generations to come and would target a huge amount of people and could even increase the population. Genetic engineering alters an organism s genetic makeup by unreal means, usually involving the transfer of a specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a completely different species. Also called transformation, genetic engineering works by physically removing a gene from one organism and inserting it into another, giving it the ability to express the†¦show more content†¦It is the carrier of genetic information and is the same in all organisms. DNA is critical to the success of genetic engineering. When a gene for a desirable trait is taken from one organism and inserted into another, i t gives the receiving organism the ability to express that same trait. Process of Genetic Engineering The first step in genetic engineering would be to find an organism that naturally contains the specific desired trait. Then, the DNA is extracted from that organism. After the one desired gene must be located and copied from thousands of genes that were extracted, this is called gene cloning. The gene may be modified slightly to work in a more desirable way once inside the recipient organism. The new genes, called a transgene is delivered into cells of the recipient organism. This is called transformation. Once a transgenic organism has been created, traditional breeding is used to improve the characteristics of the final project. So genetic engineering does not eliminate the need for traditional breeding. Traditional Breeding v. Genetic Engineering Although the goal of both genetic engineering and traditional plant breeding is to improve an organism’s traits, there are some key differences between them. While genetic engineering manually moves genes from one organism to another, traditional breeding moves genes through

Iagos evil Essay Example For Students

Iagos evil Essay I am not what I am. What is Iago? as distinct from what he pretends to be and what are his motives?In Shakespeares, Othello, the reader is presented the classic battle between the deceitful forces of evil and the innocence of good. It are these forces of evil that ultimately lead to the breakdown of Othello, a noble venetian moor, well-known by the people of Venice as a honourable soldier and a worthy leader. Othellos breakdown results in the muder of his wife Desdemona. Desdemona is representative of the good in nature. Good can be defined as forgiving, honest, innocent and unsuspecting. The evil contained within Othello is by no means magical or mythical yet is represented by the character Iago. Iago is cunning, untrustworthy, selfish, and plotting. He uses these traits to his advantage by slowly planning his own triumph while watching the demise of others. It is this that is Iagos motivation. The ultimate defeat of good by the wrath of evil. Not only is it in his own nature of e vil that he suceeds but also in the weaknesses of the other characters. Iago uses the weaknesses of Othello, specifically jealousy and his devotion to things as they seem, to conquer his opposite in Desdemona. From the start of the play, Iagos scheming ability is shown when he convinces Roderigo to tell about Othello and Desdemondas elopement to Desdemonas father, Brabantio. Confidentally Iago continues his plot successfully, making fools of others, and himself being rewarded. Except Roderigo, no one is aware of Iagos plans. This is because Iago pretends to be an honest man loyal to his superiors. The fact that Othello himself views Iago as trustworthy and honest gives the evil within Iago a perfect unsuspecting victim for his schemes. The opportunity to get to Desdemona through Othello is one temptation that Iago cannot refuse. He creates the impression that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio in order to stir the jealousy within Othello. It is this jealousy and the ignorance of Othello that lead to the downfall of Desdemona; the one truely good natured character in the play. As the play opens we are immediately introduced to the hostility of Iago against Othello. Iago has been appointed the position of servant to Othello instead of the more prestigous position of lieutenant. Michael Cassio has been appointed this position. Iago feels betrayed because he considers him self more qualified than Cassio to serve as lieutenant. Iago then foreshadows his plans for Othello to Roderigo, O, sir, content you. / I follow him to serve my turn upon him (Act I, Scene I). Iago already realizes that Othello thinks about him as an honest man. Roderigo is used by Iago as an apprentence and someone to do his dirty work. Roderigo is naively unsuspecting. As the play shifts from Venice to Cyprus there is an interesting contrast. Venice, a respectful and honourable town is overshadowed by the war torn villages of Cyprus. It could be said that Venice represents good or specfi cally Desdemona and that Cyprus represents evil in Iago. Desdemona has been taken from her peacefullness and brought onto the grounds of evil. Iago commits his largest acts of deceit in Cyprus, fittingly considering the atmosphere. Ironically, the venetians feel the Turks are their only enemy while in fact Iago is in hindsight the one man who destroys their stable state. Act II Scene III shows Iagos willing ability to manipulate characters in the play. Iago convinces Montano to inform Othello of Cassios weakness for alchohol hoping this would rouse disatisfaction by Othello. Iago when forced to tell the truth against another character does so very suspiciously. He pretends not to offend Cassio when telling Othello of the fight Cassio was involved in, but Iago secretly wants the worst to become of Cassios situation without seeming responsible. Cassio is relieved of his duty as lieutenant. With Cassio no longer in the position of lieutenant, this gives Iago the opportunity to more eff ectively interact with and manipulate Othello. By controlling Othello, Iago would essentially To reach Desdemona directly is unforseeable for Iago considering that Othello is superior to him. It is for this reason that Iago decides to exploit Othello. If Iago can turn Othello against his own wife he will have defeated his opposition. Act III Scene III, is very important because it is the point in the play where Iago begins to establish his manipulation of Othello. Cassio feels that it is necessary to seek the help of Desdemona in order to regain his position of lieutenant and therefore meets with her to discuss this possibility. Iago and Othello enter the scene just after Cassio leaves, and Iago witfully trys to make it look like Cassio left because he does not want to be seen in the courtship of Desdemona. Cassio, my lord? No, sure, I cannot think itThat he would steal away so guilty-like,When Desdemona leaves, Iago takes the opportunity to strengthen Othellos views of honesty and trust towards him by saying ironically, Men should be what they seem; / Or those that be not, would they might seem none! (Act III, Scene III). This cleverness by Iago works upon one of the tragic flaws of Othello. Othello has a tendency to take eveything he sees and everything he is told at face value without questioning the circumstances. Iago wonders why someone would pretend to be something they are not, while in fact that is the exact thing he represents. Finally, after hearing the exploits of Iago and witnessing the events surrounding Cassio, Othello for the first time is in conflict about what is the truth. This is the first stage of Iagos scheme to control Othello.As Emilia becomes suspicious about Othellos development of jealousy, Desdemona defends her husband by blaming herself for any harm done. This once again shows Desdemonas compassion and willingness to sacrifice herself for her husband. Othello begins to show his difficulty in maintaining his composure :Well, my goo d lady. O, hardness to dissemble Act IV, Scene I is a continuation of the anxiety and indifference Othello is under going. Iago takes advantage of this by being blunt with Othello about his wife Desdemona. Iago suggests that she is having sexual relations with other men, possibly Cassio, and continues on as if nothing has happened. This suggestions put Othello into a state of such emotional turmoil that he is lost in a trance. Iagos control over Othello is so strong now that he convinces him to consider getting rid of Desdemona and even suggests methods of killing her. Iago, so proud of his accomplishments of underhandedness :My medcine works! Thus credulous fools are caught,And many worthy and chaste dames even thus,Othello in this state commits his first act of violence against Desdemona by hitting her. This as a result of Desdemonas mention of Cassio. This shows now Othellos other tragic flaw. He made himself susceptable to Iago and the jealousy within him begins to lead to the d emise of others. By his actions Othello has isolated himself from everyone except Iago. This gives Iago the perfect opportunity to complete his course of action. Iago does not tolerate any interference in his plans, and he first murders Roderigo before he can dispell the evil that Iago represents. Finally, Othello, so full of the lies told to him by Iago murders his wife. Desdemona, representative of goodness and heaven as a whole blames her death on herself and not Othello. Iagos wife, Emilia, becomes the ultimate undoing of Iago. After revealing Iagos plot to Othello, Iago kills her. This is yet another vicious act to show the true evil Iago represents. Othello finally realizes after being fooled into murder :I look down towards his feet but thats a fableIf that thou best a devil, I cannot kill thee. .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc , .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .postImageUrl , .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc , .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc:hover , .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc:visited , .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc:active { border:0!important; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc:active , .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf345b849dff43920a75b3822053890bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overview of counseling and psychotherapy Essay Iago says I bleed, sir, but not killed, this is the final statement by Iago himself that truely shows his belief in evil and that he truely thinks he is the devil. That is the destruction of all that is good. Hell over heaven and black over white. Iago, as a representation of evil, has one major motivational factor that leads him to lie, cheat, and commit crimes on other characters. This motivation is the destruction of all that is good and the rise of evil. This contrast is represented between Iago and Desdemona. Desdemona is described frequently by other characters as she is divine, the grace of heaven (Act II, Scene I), while Iago in contrast is described as hellish after his plot is uncovered. Iago uses the other characters in the play to work specifically towards his goal. In this way, he can maintain his supposed unknowingness about the events going on and still work his scheming ways. Iagos schemes however at times seem to work unrealistically well which may or may not be a ca se of witchcraft or magic. Iagos major mistake, ironically, is that he trusted his wife Emilia and found that she was not as trustworthy as he thought. Although not completely victorious at the conclusion of the play, Iago does successfully eliminate the one character representative of heaven, innocence, and honesty. Yet remains the censure of this hellish villian (Act V, Scene II). Finally, everything Iago pretended to be led to his demise : Honesty, Bibliography:

Article Critique on School Governance

Question: Discuss about the Article Critique on School Governance. Answer: Introduction: In developing countries, learning achievements are still weak despite the rapid expansion in school participation. As such, the students scores in the developing countries remain low on internationally comparable tests. Most educational policy makers focus on lowering the pupil-teacher ratios. While some concentrate on systemic reforms designed to improve provider incentives and governance, others focus providing more resources for educational centers (Duflo, Dupas, Kreger, 2015). As a result, Duflo, Dupas, and Kremers primary focus were to examine how the various approaches applied by educational policymakers compliment and relate to each other in Kenya. The article demonstrates that in the absence of parents empowerment, the additional resources brought about the contract teacher program are often captured by the existing civil service teachers. Mainly, public service teachers reduce their effort which undoes the positive impact of class size reduction for students. In addition, they strive to capture rents by hiring their relatives, whose students perform poorly compared to those of other contract teachers. However, empowering parents through short-term training session mitigates the adverse effects brought about by civil service teachers. The findings of the research suggest that in the presence of the weak institutions, the behavioral responses of the existing providers may undermine the increase in resources. Even so, programs delegating authority to hire teachers on short-term contracts have potential to enhance student performance and test scores in the near term. In addition, it possesses the capacity to enhance the quality of the teaching labor force over the long term. It is the little details that matter. Critique of the Article By and large, the Duflo, Dupas and Kremer (2015) seek to establish how the reforms set in the Kenyan educational sector complement each other. They strive to answer the question whether or not the changes pertaining to the hiring of teachers on short-term contracts and school-based Management (SBM) training programs complement each other in the context of a randomized evaluation of the Extra Teacher Program in Kenya. The program was instigated in the country from 2005 up to 2007. As a whole, the authors were effective in convincing the reader that the questions answered in the article are interesting and significant. The direction and goals of the study are important as they help the reader understand the role played by the Extra teacher programs in developing countries. It also helps determine the effectiveness of such programs and the prospects for success in other developing nations apart from Kenya. The article plays a significant role and adds to the existing body of knowledge on the impact of such programs in improving the quality of the teaching labor force and improving student performance in test scores. Besides, the information provided in this research study will shade light to the stakeholders in the educational sector to determine the prospects for improvement in similar projects. As such, government, the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) and donors will be able to understand the effectiveness of such programs to determine whether or not to instigate reforms in the educational sector. In addition, the findings of the study act as mirror and reference for future studies done in relation to the Extra Teacher Program. The background setting for the article is in the education sector of Kenya. Duflo, Dupas, and Kreger (2015) examine a program under which school committees at randomly selected institutions in Kenya are funded. The fund was designated for the hiring of additional teachers on an annual contract. The contacts were only renewable on the condition of performance, outside the typical ministry of education civil-service channels. At the beginning of their study, the programs were already widespread in developing nations, but there were no evaluations of these programs as at the time. On the whole, the authors manage to skillfully explain the institutional and policy context of the topic under study. As such, they expound on the various elements and structure of the education system in Kenya with regards to the Teachers Service Commission, School Based Management Programs and the Extra Teacher Program instigated in the developing country. They also narrate Kenyas historical pattern of school committees that supplement the civil service teachers hired by the TSC. What is more, the authors provide informative background information on the education governance in Kenya. Most importantly, they deliver crucial information relating to the Extra Teacher Program. Specifically, the authors offer an enlightening program description that highlights aspects of the ETP, its origin, purpose and implementation. As a result, the audience of the paper can understand the information that the authors are trying to relay. Besides, the program description is expressive in such a manner that an individual who is not of Kenyan origin can understand various elements and crucial aspects of the program and education system in Kenya, and be able to apply the findings within their local setting. Notably, Duflo, Dupas, and Kremer (2015) fail to employ and establish a theoretical framework for their study. As such, the paper lacks a theoretical model. Typically, the theoretical model is made up of the concepts alongside their definitions and refer to existing theory that was used a foundation of the study. Therefore, the conceptual framework is an essential element in any research paper as it demonstrates the authors understanding of theories and concepts that relate to the topic under study. It also shows the relationship between the study and broader areas of knowledge. In this regard, the authors would have reviewed relevant research studies for theories relating to the reform programs and develop analytic models after that. This way, the research would have made a more explicit statement of theoretical assumption which permits the reader to evaluate critically. Even so, the paper was successful in developing an empirical analysis relevant to the topic under study. Duflo, Dupas, and Kremer (2015) successfully integrate the three stages of empirical analysis. Particularly, they provide a descriptive analysis of the data, then an analytic followed by a theorized explanation. In Stage one, a summary is generated to explain the study sample and data. In the data segment, the paper clearly describes the student participation, teacher effort and pedagogy as observed during the survey. In addition, the data section presents the test scores of standardized tests predominantly covering math and literacy questions that were administered in all the schools used as samples. Likewise, it presents data that was collected on the contract teachers hired through the program, including their demographic characteristics, relationships to the school and past experiences. In the second stage, the authors interrogate and critically appraise the data collected. The study has a specified empirical model which is stated as Yij = bi BasicETP_TSC ij+ b2 Basic ETP_CT+ b3ETP_wSMB_TSCij+ b4ETPwSMB_CTij+| Xija5+ Eij2. It is worth noting that this model was effectively employed to determine the various elements of the result findings. As such, the data was subjected to vigorous testing under the model to investigate the relationship between variables. Through this model, the standard deviation, standard error, coefficients, and significance levels were constructed to determine the relationship between the various variables. In addition, a linear probability regression model was done on the data. The independent variables in the model were the basic ETP and the SBM. On the other hand, the dependent variables comprised of the test scores and scope of improvement. By and large, the measures used in the study analysis correspond to the concepts of interest. As such, the determination of the test scores corresponds to the interest of the research with regards to improved learning and greater quality participation of teachers. As a result, these variables are useful in answering the research questions stipulated in the earlier stages of the paper. Notably, the article does not exhibit any form of bias between the two programs as the author report and analyze the data as drawn from the observations. It is vital to highlight the fact that the authors also used a causation in estimation and interpretation of the data. Specifically, the authors sought greater explanation and connection with the broader understanding of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Furthermore, Duflo, Dupas, and Kremer used an OLS regression control for student age, region, gender and the date that the test was taken. Similarly, the LPM regression was used in the process. Their causal story suggests that there are often significant learning effects during the contract years of the ETP but these effects are eroded once the students are reassigned to their regular classes. In addition, it was noted that the test scores also go down. Presentation of the data was perfectly orchestrated, allowing the authors to effectively present their findings and offer viable interpretations of the results. Their discussion of the estimated parameters is clear and concise with respect to sign, statistical significance, and magnitude. The researchers presented the results of their study in tables. Commendably, the information in the table was well interpreted to enable the reader to understand what the results represented. Duflo, Dupas, and Kremer (2025) also offered a descriptive analysis of the data and conveyed the findings of the results in a simple manner. Besides, they employed cognitive robustness tests. As a result, their audience can easily deduct what the study found out after the research. By and large, Duflo, Dupas, and Kremers research is an informative piece that adds to the already existing body of knowledge on special programs in the education system. Within Kenya, the results of the study will act as an essential background for improvement in the ETP and SBM system. Furthermore, the findings of this study are applicable to all settings in the world and can be applied in other nations apart from Kenya. Generally, the authors managed to present a well-formed research paper that employs all aspects of good research. It should be noted that Duflo, Dupas, and Kremer did an excellent research throughout the stages presented in the paper. As a result, their paper is well researched, developed, analyzed and presented. Reference Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Kremer, M. (2015). School governance, teacher incentives, and pupilteacher ratios: Experimental evidence from Kenyan primary schools. Journal of Public Economics, 123, 92-110.